Пассивный залог в английском: Passive Voice с примерами
Разбираем Passive Voice: формулу be + V3, формы во всех временах, примеры и типичные ошибки. Учимся использовать пассив, когда действие важнее исполнителя.
📌 Суть правила
В активном залоге мы говорим, кто делает. В пассивном — что происходит с объектом. Исполнитель может быть указан через by, а может отсутствовать.
Active: Shakespeare wrote Hamlet. (Шекспир написал)
Passive: Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. (Гамлет был написан)
🧮 Формула
✅ Общая формула
S + be (в нужном времени) + V3 (+ by ...)
⏳ Формы be по временам
Present Simple: am / is / are + V3
Past Simple: was / were + V3
Present Perfect: have / has been + V3
Future Simple: will be + V3
Past Simple: was / were + V3
Present Perfect: have / has been + V3
Future Simple: will be + V3
💬 Примеры
The letter is sent every day.
Письмо отправляют каждый день. (Present Simple Passive)
The house was built in 1990.
Дом был построен в 1990 году. (Past Simple Passive)
The work has been done.
Работа была сделана. (Present Perfect Passive)
The problem will be solved tomorrow.
Проблема будет решена завтра. (Future Simple Passive)
English is spoken all over the world.
На английском говорят по всему миру. (исполнитель не важен)
⚠️ Типичные ошибки
🚫 Так говорить нельзя:
The house is build. → The house is built. (нужна 3-я форма глагола, не инфинитив)
The letter was send yesterday. → The letter was sent yesterday. (send → sent)
I was borned in Moscow. → I was born in Moscow. (born — уже 3-я форма, -ed не нужно)
💡 Нюансы и исключения
🧮 Формула во всех временах
Present Simple: am / is / are + V3
Past Simple: was / were + V3
Present Perfect: have / has been + V3
Future Simple: will be + V3
Modal: can / must / should + be + V3
Past Simple: was / were + V3
Present Perfect: have / has been + V3
Future Simple: will be + V3
Modal: can / must / should + be + V3
🆚 Актив ↔ Пассив
Active: Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
Passive: Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.
Active: They build houses.
Passive: Houses are built.
Passive: Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.
Active: They build houses.
Passive: Houses are built.
🚫 Когда НЕ ставим «by»
Если исполнитель неизвестен или неважен:
English is spoken all over the world.
My car was stolen. (кем — не знаем)
English is spoken all over the world.
My car was stolen. (кем — не знаем)
⚠️ Неправильные глаголы — нужна 3-я форма
write → wrote → written
see → saw → seen
eat → ate → eaten
take → took → taken
✅ The letter was written yesterday.
❌ The letter was wrote yesterday.
see → saw → seen
eat → ate → eaten
take → took → taken
✅ The letter was written yesterday.
❌ The letter was wrote yesterday.
⚠️ Особые случаи
Born — уже V3: I was born in Moscow. (не borned)
Глаголы с 2 объектами: I was given a book.
Вопрос: Was the letter sent?
Глаголы с 2 объектами: I was given a book.
Вопрос: Was the letter sent?
Проверь себя
5 вопросов на Passive Voice. Займёт 1 минуту.
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